Meta Information
ID:magnesium-citrate
Name:
Schema Version:AIM-2.0
Interactions
Target id:
/condition/renal-impairment
Target name:
Renal Impairment
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Description:
Impaired kidney function reduces the body's ability to excrete excess magnesium, creating a high risk of accumulation and toxicity (hypermagnesemia).
Actionable advice:
Avoid magnesium supplements unless specifically prescribed and monitored by a doctor if you have kidney disease.
Target id:
/class/chelating-antibiotics
Target name:
Chelating Antibiotics (Tetracyclines, Quinolones)
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
4
Description:
Magnesium binds to tetracycline and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the gut, forming an insoluble complex that prevents the absorption of both the drug and the mineral.
Actionable advice:
Take magnesium at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after these antibiotics.
Target id:
/intervention/bisphosphonates
Target name:
Bisphosphonates
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
2
Description:
Magnesium can significantly reduce the absorption of bisphosphonate drugs (for osteoporosis) by binding to them in the digestive tract.
Actionable advice:
Separate magnesium doses from bisphosphonates by at least 2 hours.
Target id:
/intervention/levothyroxine_systemic_disease
Target name:
Levothyroxine
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
4
Hours after target:
4
Description:
Magnesium ions can bind to levothyroxine, forming a poorly absorbed complex and reducing the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Actionable advice:
Separate magnesium and levothyroxine doses by at least 4 hours.
Target id:
/condition/myasthenia-gravis
Target name:
Myasthenia Gravis
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Description:
Magnesium can inhibit the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which can exacerbate muscle weakness in individuals with myasthenia gravis.
Actionable advice:
Avoid magnesium supplements if you have myasthenia gravis.
Target id:
/class/chelating-minerals
Target name:
Other Divalent Minerals (Iron, Zinc, Calcium)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
2
Description:
High doses of magnesium can compete with other minerals like iron, zinc, and calcium for the same absorption pathways in the intestine.
Actionable advice:
Separate high-dose magnesium from iron, zinc, or calcium supplements by at least 2 hours.
Target id:
/class/potassium-sparing-diuretics
Target name:
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Description:
Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone, amiloride) can reduce the excretion of magnesium, potentially leading to high magnesium levels (hypermagnesemia) when combined with supplements.
Actionable advice:
Use caution and monitor magnesium levels if combining with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Target id:
/class/antihypertensives
Target name:
Antihypertensive Medications
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Description:
Magnesium can relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure, potentially enhancing the effects of antihypertensive medications and increasing the risk of hypotension (low blood pressure).
Actionable advice:
Monitor blood pressure when starting high-dose magnesium alongside blood pressure medications.
Target id:
/class/calcium-channel-blockers
Target name:
Calcium Channel Blockers
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Description:
Magnesium acts as a physiological calcium channel blocker, and its effects can be additive with these drugs, increasing the risk of low blood pressure or slow heart rate.
Actionable advice:
Use caution and monitor for dizziness or low blood pressure if combining with calcium channel blockers.
Target id:
/class/proton-pump-inhibitors
Target name:
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
requirement
Nature:
absolute
Description:
Chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can significantly impair magnesium absorption from the gut, leading to a risk of deficiency over time.
Actionable advice:
If you are on long-term PPI therapy, regular monitoring of magnesium levels and potential supplementation is recommended.
Target id:
/class/diuretics
Target name:
Magnesium-Wasting Diuretics (Loop & Thiazide)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
requirement
Nature:
absolute
Description:
Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) and thiazide diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide) increase the excretion of magnesium by the kidneys, which can lead to deficiency.
Actionable advice:
If taking these diuretics long-term, magnesium supplementation is often necessary to maintain adequate levels.
Target id:
/intervention/vitamin_d3_systemic_healthspan
Target name:
Vitamin D
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
requirement
Nature:
absolute
Description:
Adequate Vitamin D levels are necessary for the active transport and absorption of magnesium in the gut. Magnesium is also required to activate Vitamin D.
Actionable advice:
Ensure you have sufficient Vitamin D levels for optimal magnesium utilization.
Target id:
/condition/diarrhea-prone
Target name:
Tendency for Diarrhea or IBS-D
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Description:
Magnesium citrate is an osmotic laxative that draws water into the intestines, which can cause or worsen diarrhea, especially in susceptible individuals.
Actionable advice:
If you have IBS-D or are prone to loose stools, consider a different form of magnesium, like glycinate or malate.
Target id:
/condition/dehydration
Target name:
Dehydration
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Description:
The laxative effect of magnesium citrate draws water into the bowels, which can contribute to or worsen dehydration if fluid intake is not adequate.
Actionable advice:
Ensure you drink plenty of fluids when taking magnesium citrate to avoid dehydration.
Target id:
/intervention/digoxin
Target name:
Digoxin
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
2
Description:
Magnesium supplements can reduce the absorption of digoxin from the gut, while low magnesium levels in the body can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.
Actionable advice:
Separate magnesium and digoxin doses by at least 2 hours and maintain adequate magnesium levels.
Target id:
/dietary/meal
Target name:
Any Caloric Meal
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Taking magnesium citrate with food can slow its transit through the gut, which may reduce the common side effect of diarrhea and potentially improve absorption.
Actionable advice:
Take magnesium citrate with a meal to enhance tolerance.
Target id:
/circadian/sleep
Target name:
Going to Sleep
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
1
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Magnesium plays a role in regulating neurotransmitters that promote calm and sleep, and may help improve sleep quality by supporting the parasympathetic nervous system.
Actionable advice:
Consider taking your magnesium dose about an hour before bedtime to support relaxation.
Target id:
/class/antidiabetic-medications
Target name:
Diabetes Medications
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Description:
Magnesium may improve insulin sensitivity and glucose control, which can enhance the effects of diabetes medications and slightly increase the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
Actionable advice:
Monitor blood glucose levels when initiating magnesium supplementation if you are on diabetes medication.
Target id:
/class/benzodiazepines
Target name:
Benzodiazepines and other CNS Depressants
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Description:
Magnesium has mild central nervous system depressant effects that could be additive with medications like benzodiazepines, potentially increasing drowsiness or sedation.
Actionable advice:
Be aware of potential increased sedation when combining magnesium with CNS depressant medications.
Target id:
/dietary/phytate-rich-foods
Target name:
High-Phytate/Oxalate Foods (e.g., whole grains, legumes, spinach)
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Phytates and oxalates found in certain plant-based foods can bind to magnesium in the gut, slightly reducing its absorption when consumed at the same time.
Actionable advice:
For optimal absorption, consider taking magnesium away from meals very high in fiber, whole grains, or raw spinach.