Meta Information

ID:vitamin-e

Name:Vitamin E

Schema Version:1.5

Title

Vitamin E

Alternate Names

• Tocopherols
• Tocotrienols
• Alpha-tocopherol

Intervention Type

therapeutic_agent

Expected Cost Mean

Low Cost:

5

High Cost:

20

Cost Type:

monthly

Description:

Widely available and inexpensive over-the-counter supplement.

Summary

Vitamin E is a group of fat-soluble compounds, with alpha-tocopherol being the most common, that acts as a primary antioxidant protecting cell membranes from lipid peroxidation. While theoretically beneficial for aging by combating oxidative stress, large-scale clinical trials on supplementation have been largely disappointing, failing to show consistent benefits for longevity and in some cases indicating potential harm at high doses.

Purpose

A fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage.

Card Summary

A fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes. Supplementation for longevity is controversial, with mixed evidence and potential risks at high doses.

Drug Class

Drugs In Class

Empty Array

Impact

Score:

2.5

Justification:

Theory is sound, but human trials show mixed results and potential harm.

Evidence

Grade:

A

Score:

3

Justification:

Extensive human RCTs exist, but largely fail to show healthspan or lifespan benefit.

Safety

Score:

3.8

Justification:

High doses are linked to increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke and certain cancers.

Flags

• High-dose supplementation (>400 IU/day) is associated with increased all-cause mortality in some meta-analyses.
• May increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, especially at high doses.
• Interacts with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs (e.g., warfarin), increasing bleeding risk.
• Supplementation may blunt some of the beneficial adaptive responses to exercise.
• Alpha-tocopherol-only supplements can deplete other important forms of vitamin E, like gamma-tocopherol.

Verdict

Best obtained from diet; supplementation for longevity is not supported by evidence.

Created

2026-04-24T00:18:06.987848Z

Model

Gemini 3.1 Pro (High)

Delivery

Route:

oral

Scope:

• systemic

Indication

Focus:

healthspan

Description:

Vitamin E is a group of fat-soluble compounds, with alpha-tocopherol being the most common, that acts as a primary antioxidant protecting cell membranes from lipid peroxidation. While theoretically be...

Typical Protocol

• The RDA is 15 mg (22.4 IU) daily, typically achieved through diet.
• Supplementation protocols often use 100-400 IU, favoring mixed tocopherols over alpha-tocopherol alone.