Meta Information
ID:passionflower
Name:
Schema Version:AIM-2.0
Interactions
Target id:
/class/benzodiazepines
Target name:
Benzodiazepines
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Passionflower enhances the effects of GABA, the same neurotransmitter targeted by benzodiazepines, leading to excessive sedation, dizziness, and impaired coordination.
Actionable advice:
Avoid using passionflower with benzodiazepines unless specifically directed by a physician.
Target id:
/class/opioid-agonists
Target name:
Opioid Agonists
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Both passionflower and opioids cause central nervous system depression, and their combined use can lead to dangerous levels of sedation and respiratory depression.
Actionable advice:
Avoid taking passionflower with opioid medications due to the risk of severe drowsiness and respiratory depression.
Target id:
/intervention/alcohol
Target name:
Alcohol
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Combining passionflower with alcohol significantly increases drowsiness, dizziness, and impairment of motor skills and judgment.
Actionable advice:
Do not consume alcohol when taking passionflower.
Target id:
/class/cns-depressants
Target name:
Barbiturates
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Passionflower and barbiturates both enhance GABAergic activity, and their combination can cause profound and potentially dangerous central nervous system depression.
Actionable advice:
Avoid using passionflower with barbiturates due to the risk of excessive sedation.
Target id:
/procedure/surgery
Target name:
Surgery with General Anesthesia
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
336
Hours after target:
null
Description:
Passionflower's sedative effects can potentiate the effects of anesthetic agents, potentially complicating anesthesia administration and recovery.
Actionable advice:
Discontinue passionflower at least 2 weeks before any scheduled surgery.
Target id:
/condition/pregnancy
Target name:
Pregnancy
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Passionflower may contain compounds (harmala alkaloids) that can stimulate uterine contractions, posing a risk to the pregnancy.
Actionable advice:
Do not use passionflower if you are pregnant.
Target id:
/circadian/sleep
Target name:
Going to Sleep
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
1
Hours after target:
null
Description:
Passionflower's primary use is to promote relaxation and sleep onset through its effects on the GABA neurotransmitter system.
Actionable advice:
Take passionflower 30-60 minutes before your intended bedtime for best results.
Target id:
/condition/lactation
Target name:
Breastfeeding (Lactation)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
The safety of passionflower during breastfeeding has not been established, and its components may pass into breast milk and affect the infant.
Actionable advice:
Avoid using passionflower while breastfeeding due to unknown effects on the infant.
Target id:
/class/maois
Target name:
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Passionflower contains trace amounts of harmala alkaloids which have MAO-inhibiting properties, theoretically increasing the risk of adverse effects when combined with MAOI medications.
Actionable advice:
Avoid combining passionflower with MAOI medications due to a theoretical risk of additive effects.
Target id:
/class/cns-depressants
Target name:
Other Sedating Herbs (e.g., Valerian, Kava, Ashwagandha, Chamomile)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Combining passionflower with other herbs that have sedative properties can result in excessive drowsiness and central nervous system depression.
Actionable advice:
Be cautious when combining with other sedative supplements to avoid excessive drowsiness.
Target id:
/class/cns-depressants
Target name:
Sedating Antihistamines (e.g., Diphenhydramine)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
The combination can lead to additive sedative effects, causing significant drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired cognitive function.
Actionable advice:
Avoid taking passionflower with first-generation antihistamines that cause drowsiness.
Target id:
/class/cns-depressants
Target name:
Relaxing Supplements (e.g., L-Theanine, Magnesium, Lemon Balm)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
Combining passionflower with other supplements that promote relaxation can have an additive or synergistic effect on reducing anxiety and promoting calmness.
Actionable advice:
Consider taking with other calming agents like L-theanine or magnesium in the evening.
Target id:
/class/antihypertensives
Target name:
Antihypertensive Medications
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Passionflower may have a mild blood pressure-lowering effect, which could be additive with prescribed antihypertensive medications, potentially causing hypotension.
Actionable advice:
Monitor blood pressure if combining passionflower with blood pressure medications.
Target id:
/class/anticoagulants-antiplatelets
Target name:
Anticoagulants and Antiplatelets
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
There is a theoretical risk that passionflower could increase the effects of blood-thinning medications due to its coumarin content, although clinical evidence is lacking.
Actionable advice:
Use with caution and monitor for signs of bruising or bleeding if taking with blood thinners.
Target id:
/class/serotonergic-agents
Target name:
Serotonergic Medications (SSRIs, SNRIs, etc.)
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Due to its theoretical MAO-inhibiting properties, passionflower could potentially increase serotonin levels, raising the risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs.
Actionable advice:
Use with caution and monitor for symptoms like agitation or confusion if combining with serotonergic medications.
Target id:
/class/cyp3a4-substrates
Target name:
CYP3A4 Substrates
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
In-vitro studies suggest passionflower may inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme, potentially increasing levels and side effects of medications metabolized by this pathway. Clinical significance is unknown.
Actionable advice:
Use with caution if taking medications metabolized by CYP3A4, such as certain statins or calcium channel blockers.