Meta Information
ID:magnesium-glycinate
Name:
Schema Version:AIM-2.0
Interactions
Target id:
/condition/renal-impairment
Target name:
Kidney Disease / Renal Impairment
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
The kidneys are responsible for clearing excess magnesium. In individuals with impaired kidney function, magnesium can accumulate to toxic levels, causing a dangerous condition called hypermagnesemia.
Actionable advice:
Avoid magnesium supplements unless specifically prescribed and monitored by a physician if you have kidney disease.
Target id:
/class/chelating-antibiotics
Target name:
Tetracycline and Quinolone Antibiotics
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
6
Description:
Magnesium binds to tetracycline (e.g., doxycycline) and quinolone (e.g., ciprofloxacin) antibiotics in the gut, forming a non-absorbable complex that severely reduces the antibiotic's effectiveness.
Actionable advice:
Take magnesium at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these specific antibiotics.
Target id:
/intervention/bisphosphonates
Target name:
Bisphosphonates (for Osteoporosis)
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
2
Description:
Magnesium can bind to bisphosphonate drugs (e.g., alendronate) in the stomach, significantly reducing their absorption and effectiveness in treating bone density loss.
Actionable advice:
Separate magnesium doses from bisphosphonates by at least 2 hours.
Target id:
/intervention/levothyroxine_systemic_disease
Target name:
Levothyroxine (Thyroid Hormone)
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
4
Hours after target:
4
Description:
Magnesium can interfere with the absorption of thyroid hormone medication in the gut, potentially leading to reduced efficacy and inadequate thyroid control.
Actionable advice:
Separate magnesium and levothyroxine doses by at least 4 hours.
Target id:
/condition/myasthenia-gravis
Target name:
Myasthenia Gravis
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Magnesium can inhibit the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which can exacerbate muscle weakness in individuals with Myasthenia Gravis.
Actionable advice:
Avoid magnesium supplements if you have Myasthenia Gravis, except under the direct supervision of a neurologist.
Target id:
/class/neuromuscular-blockers
Target name:
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (Anesthesia)
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Magnesium can enhance the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents used during surgery, potentially prolonging muscle paralysis and respiratory depression.
Actionable advice:
Always inform your surgeon and anesthesiologist about all supplements, including magnesium, before any procedure.
Target id:
/intervention/digoxin
Target name:
Digoxin
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
requirement
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia) increase the sensitivity of the heart to digoxin, significantly raising the risk of serious side effects and toxicity.
Actionable advice:
Ensure adequate magnesium levels through diet or supplementation if taking digoxin, under medical supervision.
Target id:
/class/antihypertensives
Target name:
Antihypertensive Medications
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Magnesium can relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure, which can add to the effects of antihypertensive medications, potentially causing dizziness or excessive blood pressure drops.
Actionable advice:
Monitor blood pressure when starting magnesium if you are on blood pressure medication; consult your doctor.
Target id:
/class/potassium-sparing-diuretics
Target name:
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone, amiloride) can reduce the amount of magnesium excreted by the kidneys, increasing the risk of high magnesium levels (hypermagnesemia) when taking supplements.
Actionable advice:
Use caution and consult a doctor before supplementing with magnesium if you take a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Target id:
/class/proton-pump-inhibitors
Target name:
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
requirement
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can significantly reduce the absorption of dietary and supplemental magnesium, leading to a risk of deficiency (hypomagnesemia).
Actionable advice:
If on long-term PPI therapy, discuss monitoring magnesium levels and the potential need for supplementation with your doctor.
Target id:
/class/chelating-minerals
Target name:
Other Minerals (Iron, Zinc, Calcium)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
2
Description:
High doses of magnesium can compete with other minerals like iron, zinc, and calcium for absorption in the small intestine, potentially reducing the amount of each that is absorbed.
Actionable advice:
Separate high-dose magnesium from iron, zinc, or calcium supplements by at least 2 hours.
Target id:
/intervention/vitamin_d3_systemic_healthspan
Target name:
Vitamin D
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Magnesium is an essential cofactor for the metabolism and activation of Vitamin D in the body, and adequate Vitamin D levels are important for magnesium absorption.
Actionable advice:
Ensure adequate intake of both Vitamin D and magnesium, as they work together for optimal function.
Target id:
/class/gabapentinoids
Target name:
Gabapentin
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
2
Description:
Taking magnesium supplements at the same time as gabapentin can reduce the absorption and bioavailability of gabapentin by up to 24%, potentially reducing its efficacy.
Actionable advice:
Take gabapentin at least 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking a magnesium supplement.
Target id:
/condition/heart-block
Target name:
Heart Block
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
High levels of magnesium can slow down electrical conduction in the heart, which could potentially worsen conditions like atrioventricular (AV) block.
Actionable advice:
Consult a cardiologist before taking magnesium supplements if you have a known heart conduction disorder.
Target id:
/circadian/sleep
Target name:
Preparing for Sleep
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
1
Hours after target:
null
Description:
Magnesium supports calming neurotransmitter function (GABA) and the glycine component is itself an inhibitory neurotransmitter, both of which can promote relaxation and improve sleep quality.
Actionable advice:
Take magnesium glycinate 30-60 minutes before your intended bedtime to support sleep.
Target id:
/class/diuretics
Target name:
Magnesium-Wasting Diuretics (Loop & Thiazide)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
requirement
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Loop (e.g., furosemide) and thiazide (e.g., HCTZ) diuretics increase the excretion of magnesium through the kidneys, which can lead to magnesium deficiency over time.
Actionable advice:
If taking these diuretics long-term, discuss magnesium level monitoring and potential supplementation with your doctor.
Target id:
/class/antidiabetic-medications
Target name:
Diabetes Medications
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Magnesium may improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood glucose, potentially enhancing the effects of diabetes medications and increasing the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
Actionable advice:
Monitor blood glucose levels closely when starting magnesium if you are on diabetes medication.
Target id:
/class/cns-depressants
Target name:
CNS Depressants (e.g., sedatives, some pain medications)
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Magnesium and glycine can have mild sedative and muscle-relaxant effects, which may be additive with other central nervous system depressants, potentially causing excess drowsiness.
Actionable advice:
Use caution when combining with other sedating medications or substances, especially before driving.
Target id:
/dietary/phytate-rich-foods
Target name:
High-Phytate/Oxalate Foods (e.g., spinach, whole grains, legumes)
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
2
Hours after target:
2
Description:
Phytates and oxalates found in certain plant-based foods can bind to magnesium in the gut, forming insoluble complexes that may slightly reduce its absorption.
Actionable advice:
For optimal absorption, take magnesium at least 2 hours away from meals very high in fiber, phytates, or oxalates.
Target id:
/dietary/meal
Target name:
Any Meal
Severity:
minor
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
0
Hours after target:
0
Description:
While some foods can slightly reduce absorption, taking magnesium with a meal can improve gastrointestinal tolerance and prevent stomach upset, which is a benefit of the glycinate form.
Actionable advice:
To minimize any potential for stomach upset, take magnesium glycinate with a small meal or snack.