Meta Information
ID:copper
Name:Copper
Schema Version:1.5
Alternate Names
- Cupric
- Copper Gluconate
- Copper Bisglycinate
- Copper Sulfate
Active Compound
copper
Intervention Type
therapeutic_agent
Delivery
Route:
oral
Scope:
- systemic
Regulatory Status
- us:dietary_supplement
- eu:dietary_supplement
Indication
Focus:
healthspan
Description:
Essential trace mineral critical for numerous enzymatic reactions and physiological functions.
Typical Protocol
- Adults typically consume 0.9 mg/day (RDA) from diet; supplementation usually 1-2 mg/day.
Expected Cost Mean
Low Cost:
5
High Cost:
20
Cost Type:
monthly
Description:
Low monthly cost for supplements; generally not covered by insurance.
Summary
Copper is an essential trace mineral involved in critical enzymes like superoxide dismutase (antioxidant defense) and cytochrome c oxidase (energy production). It supports collagen synthesis, iron metabolism, immune function, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Maintaining adequate copper levels is crucial for preventing deficiency-related health issues, which can impact overall healthspan by impairing cellular function and increasing oxidative stress.
Purpose
Essential mineral for enzymatic function, antioxidant defense, and connective tissue integrity.
Drug Class
null
Drugs In Class
Empty Array
Impact
Score:
5
Justification:
Essential nutrient; supraphysiological doses lack clear healthspan benefit.
Evidence
Grade:
B
Score:
7
Justification:
Robust evidence for essentiality; healthspan benefits of routine supplementation less clear.
Safety
Score:
5.5
Justification:
Essential mineral; however, excess intake can cause significant toxicity.
Flags
- Excess copper intake can cause gastrointestinal distress, liver damage, and neurological issues.
- High zinc intake can interfere with copper absorption and metabolism, potentially leading to deficiency.
- Individuals with Wilson's disease have impaired copper metabolism and require specific medical management.
- The safe upper intake level (UL) for adults is 10 mg/day; exceeding this increases toxicity risk.
Verdict
Maintain adequate copper intake; avoid excessive supplementation.