A multivitamin provides a broad spectrum of essential vitamins and minerals intended to fill potential gaps in an individual's diet. The healthspan rationale is that correcting subclinical micronutrient deficiencies supports optimal metabolic function, DNA repair, and antioxidant defenses, thereby mitigating age-related decline. However, for individuals already consuming a nutrient-replete diet, large-scale clinical trials suggest the benefits for preventing major chronic diseases or extending healthspan are minimal to non-existent.
Verdict
A low-cost insurance policy against dietary gaps, not a healthspan extender.
HEALTHSPAN IMPACT
Experimental
RISK LEVEL
Low
EVIDENCE GRADE
A
MONTHLY COST
$10 - $40
Protocol
- Typically taken as one tablet or capsule daily with food to enhance absorption.
Flags
- Excess vitamin A (retinol) can be toxic and may increase lung cancer risk in smokers.
- High doses of supplemental vitamin E have been linked to increased all-cause mortality.
- Men's formulas often contain less or no iron to avoid overload, which is a risk for adult men.
- Can interfere with certain medications, such as blood thinners (due to Vitamin K).