Meta Information
ID:glp-1-receptor-agonists
Name:
Schema Version:AIM-2.0
Interactions
Target id:
/class/antidiabetic-medications
Target name:
Insulin and Sulfonylureas
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Combining GLP-1 agonists with insulin or sulfonylureas (e.g., glipizide, glyburide) greatly increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) due to their complementary mechanisms of lowering glucose.
Actionable advice:
Your doctor must significantly reduce the dose of your insulin or sulfonylurea when starting this medication.
Target id:
/condition/medullary-thyroid-carcinoma-history
Target name:
Personal or Family History of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) or MEN 2
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
GLP-1 agonists caused thyroid C-cell tumors in animal studies, leading to a strict contraindication for individuals with a personal or family history of MTC or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2).
Actionable advice:
Do not use this medication if you or a direct family member has a history of MTC or MEN 2 syndrome.
Target id:
/condition/history-of-pancreatitis
Target name:
History of Pancreatitis
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
GLP-1 agonists have been associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis. A prior history of pancreatitis may further elevate this risk.
Actionable advice:
Avoid this medication if you have a history of pancreatitis; stop immediately and seek medical care if symptoms of pancreatitis occur.
Target id:
/condition/gastroparesis
Target name:
Severe Gastroparesis
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
These medications work by delaying gastric emptying, which will significantly worsen the symptoms of pre-existing severe gastroparesis (delayed stomach emptying).
Actionable advice:
Avoid this medication if you have been diagnosed with severe gastroparesis.
Target id:
/procedure/general-anesthesia
Target name:
Surgery with General Anesthesia
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
temporal
Temporal spacing:
Hours before target:
168
Hours after target:
null
Description:
Delayed gastric emptying significantly increases the risk of pulmonary aspiration of stomach contents during anesthesia, which can be life-threatening.
Actionable advice:
Inform your surgeon and anesthesiologist; you must stop weekly injections at least one week prior to surgery.
Target id:
/condition/pregnancy
Target name:
Pregnancy
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
There is insufficient data on use in human pregnancy, and animal studies suggest potential risks to the fetus. Weight loss is generally not recommended during pregnancy.
Actionable advice:
Discontinue use at least 2 months before a planned pregnancy and do not use while pregnant.
Target id:
/condition/lactation
Target name:
Breastfeeding (Lactation)
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
It is not known if GLP-1 agonists are excreted in human milk, and the potential effects on a nursing infant are unknown.
Actionable advice:
Avoid using this medication while breastfeeding.
Target id:
/class/glp-1-receptor-agonists
Target name:
Other GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Using more than one GLP-1 receptor agonist (e.g., semaglutide and liraglutide) at the same time is duplicative therapy, provides no additional benefit, and significantly increases the risk of side effects.
Actionable advice:
Never use more than one medication from this class at the same time.
Target id:
/class/oral-medications-general
Target name:
Oral Medications (General)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
GLP-1 agonists significantly slow stomach emptying, which can delay the absorption and reduce the peak concentration of many oral medications, potentially affecting their efficacy.
Actionable advice:
Discuss the timing of all oral medications with your doctor, especially those with a narrow therapeutic window.
Target id:
/class/antidiabetic-medications
Target name:
Other Diabetes Medications (e.g., Metformin, SGLT2i)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
There is an additive glucose-lowering effect when combined with other non-insulin diabetes drugs, which can increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Actionable advice:
Monitor blood glucose closely when combining with other diabetes drugs and be aware of hypoglycemia symptoms.
Target id:
/class/glucose-lowering-supplements
Target name:
Glucose-Lowering Supplements (e.g., Berberine)
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Supplements like berberine, cinnamon, or alpha-lipoic acid can have additive glucose-lowering effects, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
Actionable advice:
Monitor blood sugar carefully if using these supplements and be prepared to treat low blood sugar.
Target id:
/condition/renal-impairment
Target name:
Renal Impairment
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Gastrointestinal side effects like vomiting or diarrhea can cause dehydration, potentially leading to acute kidney injury, especially in those with underlying kidney disease.
Actionable advice:
Maintain adequate hydration and report any severe GI side effects to your doctor, especially if you have kidney problems.
Target id:
/dietary/high-fat-meal
Target name:
High-Fat or Large Meals
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Large or high-fat meals naturally slow stomach emptying, and this effect is compounded by GLP-1 agonists, often leading to severe nausea, bloating, and discomfort.
Actionable advice:
Consume smaller, lower-fat meals throughout the day to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
Target id:
/dietary/alcohol-acute
Target name:
Alcohol
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Alcohol can independently lower blood sugar, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia when combined with GLP-1 agonists. It may also increase the risk of pancreatitis.
Actionable advice:
Limit alcohol consumption and avoid drinking on an empty stomach to reduce risks of hypoglycemia and pancreatitis.
Target id:
/intervention/warfarin
Target name:
Warfarin
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Delayed gastric emptying can alter the absorption rate of warfarin, potentially causing fluctuations in INR and affecting anticoagulation control.
Actionable advice:
If you take warfarin, more frequent INR monitoring is required after starting or changing the dose of a GLP-1 agonist.
Target id:
/class/estrogens
Target name:
Oral Contraceptives
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Delayed absorption may reduce the peak concentration of hormones from oral contraceptives, although total exposure is generally unchanged. There is a theoretical risk of reduced efficacy.
Actionable advice:
Consider using a non-oral backup contraceptive method for the first 4 weeks after starting or increasing the dose.
Target id:
/class/anticholinergic-medications
Target name:
Anticholinergic Medications
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Both GLP-1 agonists and anticholinergic drugs slow down gut motility. Using them together can lead to severe constipation, abdominal distention, or ileus.
Actionable advice:
Use this combination with caution and report any severe constipation or abdominal pain to your doctor immediately.
Target id:
/condition/diabetic-retinopathy
Target name:
Diabetic Retinopathy
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
In patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy, rapid improvement in glucose control has been associated with a temporary worsening of the condition.
Actionable advice:
Ensure regular eye exams if you have diabetic retinopathy and are starting this medication.
Target id:
/class/dpp4-inhibitors
Target name:
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
diminishing
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Both drug classes work on the incretin system. Combining them provides little additional glycemic benefit while increasing the risk of side effects and cost.
Actionable advice:
Concurrent use is not recommended; one of these medications should typically be discontinued.
Target id:
/condition/dehydration
Target name:
Dehydration
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
adverse
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
GLP-1 agonists can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration. This state significantly increases the risk of acute kidney injury.
Actionable advice:
Maintain excellent fluid intake, especially when experiencing GI side effects, to prevent dehydration and protect your kidneys.
Target id:
/dietary/balanced-low-calorie-diet
Target name:
Balanced, Reduced-Calorie Diet
Severity:
major
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
The appetite-suppressing and metabolic effects of GLP-1 agonists are most effective for weight loss when combined with a structured, nutrient-dense, reduced-calorie diet.
Actionable advice:
Follow a healthy, reduced-calorie eating plan to maximize the weight loss and metabolic benefits of the medication.
Target id:
/intervention/exercise
Target name:
Exercise
Severity:
moderate
Interaction type:
synergistic
Nature:
absolute
Temporal spacing:
null
Description:
Exercise improves insulin sensitivity and contributes to weight loss, enhancing the metabolic benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Actionable advice:
Combine this medication with a regular exercise routine for optimal results in weight and glucose management.