ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This action relaxes blood vessels, lowers blood pressure, and reduces the workload on the heart, making them a cornerstone therapy for hypertension and heart failure.
Verdict
Essential medication for managing hypertension and heart failure under medical supervision.
HEALTHSPAN IMPACT
Foundational
RISK LEVEL
Moderate
EVIDENCE GRADE
A
MONTHLY COST
$5 - $50
Protocol
- Lisinopril is often initiated at 10 mg once daily for hypertension.
- Ramipril is often initiated at 2.5 mg once daily for cardiovascular risk reduction.
- Dosages are titrated upwards by a physician based on blood pressure response and tolerance.
Flags
- A persistent, dry cough is a common side effect, affecting up to 20% of users.
- Can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), requiring monitoring, especially with kidney issues.
- Risk of angioedema (rapid swelling), a rare but potentially life-threatening emergency.
- Contraindicated during pregnancy due to risk of fetal harm.
- May cause dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when first starting the medication.
- Avoid use with potassium supplements or salt substitutes containing potassium chloride without medical advice.